目次 at IgMin Research

The conventional method to send payloads to Mars is by direct trans-Mars injection (TMI) from LEO. NASA is considering an alternative of fueling large Mars-bound cargo transfer vehicles in cis-lunar space with propellants derived from the Moon by in situ propellant production (ISPP) prior to trans-Mars injection from cis-lunar space. A large team of investigators developed an Evolvable Lunar Campaign (ELC) that defined its strategic objective as follows:"The ELC strategic objective is commercial mining of propellant from lunar poles where ...it will be transported to lunar orbit to be used by NASA to send humans to Mars."Unfortunately, sending Mars-bound vehicles to cis-lunar space prior to trans-Mars injection saves little mass in LEO, unnecessarily includes lunar ISPP, which is costly, complex, and risky, and at the bottom line, has no benefits. The problem is that the amount of propellant needed to go from LEO to cis-lunar space is roughly comparable to the amount of propellant used for direct TMI from LEO, so the lunar-derived propellants only offset a small amount of propellant used to augment Mars Orbit Insertion and Entry, Descent, and Landing, and the amount of propellant required in LEO is almost the same in both cases. The initial mass in low Earth orbit (IMLEO) is not reduced much by utilizing lunar ISPP.At the bottom line, sending Mars-bound MCTV to cis-lunar space adds complexity, cost, and risk and provides essentially no benefits.Read more

The Schreiner Collection is a skeletal collection at the Anatomical Institute, University of Oslo. It includes material from the Stone Age up to the 19th century and has been built up over more than 150 years. However, the Institute’s present management does not think that the approximately 8.500 skeletons are of such interest that the collection should continue and remain as a valuable research potential. Instead, it is now in the process of being divided and spread to various museums. Despite the fact that the collection has been intern...ationally known and visited by researchers from all over the world, the board of the institute does not want to maintain bioanthropological activity as a research field at the University of Oslo anymore.Read more

In recent years, manufacturing enterprises have faced overall ϐinancial stress due to market conditions and new forms of positive development. Excessive inter-company loans have led to the rupture of the capital chain among enterprises, resulting in developmental challenges. Studying the ϐlow of funds between enterprises, it is observed that ϐinancial risks bear similarities to the spread of infectious diseases like SARS. This paper employs the MATLAB data analysis environment, Python data analysis tools, and the SEIRS dynamic time-varying e...pidemiological model to investigate systemic risk transmission among enterprises. The analysis reveals that high-risk transmission rates, low-risk immunity rates, and low-risk isolation rates contribute to the rapid and uncontrollable spread of systemic risks among enterprises. Consequently, recommendations are made to strengthen market supervision, government intervention, and national regulation to ensure the safety of manufacturing enterprises.Read more

Erysipelas is a superficial cutaneous process that is usually restricted to the dermis, but with prominent lymphatic involvement commonly caused by streptococci. Here, we report an unusual case of primary gangrenous-phlegmonous erysipelas of the face with necrosis of the upper eyelid. Diagnosing facial erysipelas in this case was particularly challenging due to the atypical clinical and laboratory features, possibly caused by secondary immunodeficiency. A unique aspect of this case is that the disease started without the typical early symptoms,... such as a prodrome. The patient did not initially show signs of general intoxication but instead presented with a local skin lesion before developing a fever. The characteristic redness and distinct borders commonly associated with erysipelas were also absent. This case demonstrates primary erysipelas of the face in a gangrenous-phlegmonous form, resulting in the development of upper eyelid necrosis.Key clinical message: Recognizing atypical cases, such as the one presented, is of utmost importance. It is crucial for quick and adequate surgical and therapeutic intervention. This knowledge equips medical professionals with the necessary skills to handle similar situations in the future. The presented clinical case testifies the effectiveness of using A-PRF-membrane to prevent scar formation during wound healing.Read more

This study investigates the supplementation practices among fitness trainers in Istanbul, focusing on their experiences with supplements aimed at enhancing recovery and endurance. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research involved a structured survey of 20 fitness trainers, gathering quantitative data on supplementation habits and qualitative feedback on their effectiveness. The results highlight trainers' widespread use of Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs), whey protein, creatine, pre-workout supplements, and L-carnitine to support mus...cle recovery and endurance during intense training sessions. The findings underscore the importance of these supplements in fitness trainers' routines, enabling them to sustain high training volumes and avoid overtraining. Additionally, the study reveals the role of ZMA in improving sleep quality, thereby enhancing recovery and overall performance. This research provides valuable insights into how these supplements contribute to trainers' overall fitness and performance, offering practical recommendations for optimizing physical capabilities.Read more

Purpose: Photo-documentation is a critical component of care and an indispensable skill for forensic clinicians treating patients who have experienced violence and trauma. This retrospective study examines the frequency and nature of anogenital injuries identified through colposcope digital imaging in comparison to those detected using a high-resolution camera system.Methods: This retrospective, before-and-after study evaluated genital injuries in all adult women (over 16 years old) who presented to a freestanding Nurse Examiner Clinic (NEC) fo...llowing sexual assault during a 3-year period. The clinic is supervised by forensic clinicians trained in conducting medical-forensic examinations. In 2016-2017, all injuries were documented using the Cooper Surgical Leisegang© colposcope system, while in 2018, injuries were recorded exclusively with a high-resolution camera system. The primary outcome was the frequency of genital findings documented in sexual assault victims from each group.Results: A total of 367 women were evaluated in the "before" period and 180 in the "after" period. Both groups were similar in terms of demographics, assault history, time to examination, alcohol use, and the occurrence of genital injuries (76.1% vs. 74.9%, p = 0.76). However, patients examined with the high-resolution camera system had a significantly higher number of documented anogenital injuries (2.4 vs. 1.8, p < 0.001). This group also had more anogenital abrasions identified (51.1% vs. 27.0%, p < 0.001). The injury patterns between the two groups were not statistically different.Conclusion: Accurate and reliable photo documentation are the key components of forensic medical documentation. Our findings indicate that the detection of anogenital injuries may differ based on the imaging system used.Read more

The NASA approach for technology development for missions is to (1) wait for a mission need, and (2) upgrade the technology available at that time, however inadequate. This is illustrated with two important NASA technologies: in situ resource utilization (ISRU) and recycling wastewater. It also serves as a review with 49 references provided. NASA funding for ISRU has been sporadic and minimal, probably because no mission was being implemented that used ISRU. The state of the technology remains underdeveloped. For example, CO2 in the M...ars atmosphere supplies carbon and oxygen. However, we still do not have a viable system to acquire CO2 and compress it with acceptable power requirements and adequate lifetime.NASA technology for recycling wastewater was developed for the International Space Station. It requires frequent attention with replenishment and replacement of subsystems. This system appears to be inadequate for Mars missions and there is no evidence that NASA has a viable plan to fix that.Read more