Internal Medicine at IgMin Research | Medicine Group

Mastocytosis, a hematological neoplasm, manifests with diverse clinical, molecular, and histomorphological features. This review explores the different subtypes of mastocytosis, focusing on the role of molecular pathology and histomorphology in diagnosing systemic mastocytosis (SM). Systemic mastocytosis is characterized by histologically confirmed extracutaneous involvement, presenting a diagnostic challenge due to its rarity and diverse subtypes, ranging from occult SM to mast cell leukemia. The complexity of accurate SM diagnosis underscores... the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of the disease spectrum. Mastocytosis emerges as a rare, multifaceted disease, predominantly affecting children in the cutaneous form and adults in the systemic variant. The review advocates a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach involving experienced hematopathologists and haematooncologists, employing conventional histomorphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular techniques. This holistic approach is crucial for accurate diagnosis, especially in light of recent therapeutic advances, particularly the growing importance of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in the management of mastocytosis.Read more

Epidermolysis Bullosa Naevi (EBN) is a subset of melanocytic nevi with atypical features arising at sites of blistering in patients with congenital EB. It may be clinically misdiagnosed as melanoma and may represent a challenge for the dermatologist. Bullous Pemphigoid (BP) consists of an autoimmune condition presenting with subepidermal blisters, usually affecting the elderly and rarely observed in children The case is reported of an infant who presented with pruritic erythematous bullous lesions, initially appearing over the trunk and legs wi...th progression to arms and face. Clinical and immunopathological features were consistent with the diagnosis of infant BP. In the course of the disease, he developed a pigmented heterogeneous macule with irregular contour and satellite-dotted lesions, located on the right flank. Dermoscopy revealed a regular pigmented network distributed in an agminated manner interspersed with areas of healthy skin. Due to its similarity to EBN, an expectant approach was carried out. The lesion regressed during the 24-month follow-up. To our knowledge, there is only one literature case report of a child who presented with EBN-like in a previous BP lesion. Our case reinforces the presence of atypical melanocytic nevi in bullous diseases. Knowing this type of lesion clinically and dermatoscopically in patients with bullous dermatoses may prevent unnecessary surgical procedures in children.Read more

Introduction: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) poses a significant threat to individuals with diabetes, leading to visual impairment and blindness if not promptly addressed. This study focuses on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among self-reported newly diagnosed diabetics.Material method: This is a prospective study on 200 self-reported newly diagnosed diabetics from April 2022 to May 2023. Patient data, including complaints, diabetes duration, family history, hypertension, and therapy details, were comprehensively analyzed. Complete Ocular ex...aminations including best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit lamp examination, fundus examinations, and Fundus fluorescein angiography were done. Diabetic Retinopathy was graded using a modified ETDRS grading system. Laboratory investigations included complete blood count, fasting and postprandial blood sugar, lipid profile, renal function test, and Hb1AC levels, providing a thorough assessment of patients’ ocular and systemic health.Result: Out of the 200 diabetics, 43.5% had diabetic retinopathy, with a slightly higher prevalence in males (44.64%) compared to females. The age group 50 - 59 had the highest prevalence (74.19%), and Hindus, Muslims, and other communities showed comparable percentages. Family history and hypertension were significant factors, with 88% of those with a family history developing retinopathy. NPDR was predominant (87.35%), while 12.64% had PDR. Clinically Significant Macular Edema (CSME) was present in 59.77%, with 80.76% of these cases having concomitant hypertension. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the imperative for early detection and comprehensive management of diabetic retinopathy among newly diagnosed diabetics. Age, gender, family history, and hypertension emerge as crucial determinants, advocating for integrated care and targeted screening programs to safeguard vision.Read more