Data Science at IgMin Research | Engineering Group

In this paper, we present a deep CNN-based approach for multi-class classification of three-dimensional (3-D) objects using phase-only digital holographic information. The 3-D objects considered for the multi-class (four-class) classification task are ‘triangle-square’, ‘circle-square’, ‘square-triangle’, and ‘triangle-circle’. The 3-D object ‘triangle-square’ is considered for Class-1 and the remaining 3-D objects ‘circle-square’, ‘square-circle’, and ‘tr...iangle-circle’ are considered for Class-2, Class-3, and Class-4. The digital holograms of 3-D objects were created using the two-step Phase-Shifting Digital Holography (PSDH) technique and were computationally post-processed to obtain phase-only digital holographic data. Subsequently, a deep CNN was trained on a phase-only image dataset consisting of 2880 images to produce the results. The loss and accuracy curves are presented to validate the performance of the model. Additionally, the results are validated using metrics such as the confusion matrix, classification report, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, and precision-recall curve.Read more

Markov decision process is a dynamic programming algorithm that can be used to solve an optimization problem. It was used in applications like robotics, radar tracking, medical treatments, and decision-making. In the existing literature, the researcher only targets a few applications area of MDP. However, this work surveyed the Markov decision process’s application in various regions for solving optimization problems. In a survey, we compared optimization techniques based on MDP. We performed a comparative analysis of past work of other r...esearchers in the last few years based on a few parameters. These parameters are focused on the proposed problem, the proposed methodology for solving an optimization problem, and the results and outcomes of the optimization technique in solving a specific problem. Reinforcement learning is an emerging machine learning domain based on the Markov decision process. In this work, we conclude that the MDP-based approach is most widely used when deciding on the current state in some environments to move to the next state.Read more

In materials science, the integrity and completeness of datasets are critical for robust predictive modeling. Unfortunately, material datasets frequently contain missing values due to factors such as measurement errors, data non-availability, or experimental limitations, which can significantly undermine the accuracy of property predictions. To tackle this challenge, we introduce an optimized K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) imputation method, augmented with Deep Neural Network (DNN) modeling, to enhance the accuracy of predicting material properties.... Our study compares the performance of our Enhanced KNN method against traditional imputation techniques—mean imputation and Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE). The results indicate that our Enhanced KNN method achieves a superior R² score of 0.973, which represents a significant improvement of 0.227 over Mean imputation, 0.141 over MICE, and 0.044 over KNN imputation. This enhancement not only boosts the data integrity but also preserves the statistical characteristics essential for reliable predictions in materials science.Read more

Energy Valley Optimizer (EVO) is one of the recent metaheuristic algorithms. It draws inspiration from advanced principles in physics related to particle stability and decay modes. This paper presents a new Energy Valley Optimizer (EVO) and levy flights that are hybrid to improve the EVO in solving optimization problems. Levy flight is one of the most important randomization techniques. Fifteen mathematical test functions (five unimodal functions, four multimodal functions, and six composite functions) are solved with the proposed algorithm. We... also compare our results with previous results of metaheuristic algorithms. The statistical results show that the results of the Levy Energy Valley Optimizer (LEVO) outperform other algorithms in almost all mathematical test functions.Read more

Sarcasm, a standard social media message, delivers the opposite meaning through irony or teasing. Unfortunately, identifying sarcasm in written text is difficult in natural language processing. The work aims to create an effective sarcasm detection model for social media text data, with possible applications in sentiment analysis, social media analytics, and online reputation management. A hybrid Deep learning strategy is used to construct an effective sarcasm detection model for written content on social media networks. The design emphasizes f...eature extraction, selection, and neural network application. Limited research exists on detecting sarcasm in human speech compared to emotion recognition. The study recommends using Word2Vec or TF-IDF for feature extraction to address memory and temporal constraints. Use feature selection techniques like PCA or LDA to enhance model performance by selecting relevant features. A Capsule Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) collect contextual information and sequential dependencies in textual material. We evaluate Reddit datasets with labelled sarcasm data using metrics like Accuracy. Our hybrid method gets 95.60% accuracy on Reddit.Read more

Semantic segmentation is the most significant deep learning technology. At present, automatic assisted driving (Autopilot) is widely used in real-time driving, but if there is a deviation in object detection in real vehicles, it can easily lead to misjudgment. Turning and even crashing can be quite dangerous. This paper seeks to propose a model for this problem to increase the accuracy of discrimination and improve security. It proposes a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)+ Holistically-Nested Edge Detection (HED) combined with Spatial Pyr...amid Pooling (SPP). Traditionally, CNN is used to detect the shape of objects, and the edge may be ignored. Therefore, adding HED increases the robustness of the edge, and finally adds SPP to obtain modules of different sizes, and strengthen the detection of undetected objects. The research results are trained in the CityScapes street view data set. The accuracy of Class mIoU for small objects reaches 77.51%, and Category mIoU for large objects reaches 89.95%.Read more

People are suffering from” data obesity” as a result of the expansion and quick development of various Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and machine learning fields. The management of the current techniques is becoming more challenging due to the data created in the Smart-Health and Fintech service sectors. To provide stable and reliable methods for processing the data, several Machine Learning (ML) techniques were applied. Due to privacy-related issues with the aforementioned two providers, ML cannot fully use the data, whi...ch becomes difficult since it might not give the results that were expected. When the misuse and exploitation of personal data were gaining attention on a global scale and traditional machine learning (CML) was facing difficulties, Google introduced the concept of Federated Learning (FL). In order to enable the cooperative training of machine learning models among several organizations under privacy requirements, federated learning has been a popular research area. The expectation and potential of federated learning in terms of smart-health and fintech services are the main topics of this research.Read more