Etiology is the study of the causes and origins of diseases and medical conditions. It delves into understanding the underlying factors that contribute to the development, progression, and manifestation of various health issues. This field is essential for medical professionals and researchers to develop effective prevention strategies, diagnostics, and treatments.
The study of etiology provides invaluable insights into the complex interplay between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that contribute to diseases. Researchers in this field investigate the intricate mechanisms that lead to the onset of conditions, such as genetic mutations, viral infections, chemical exposures, and more. By identifying these causal factors, medical practitioners can tailor their approaches to patient care, focusing on addressing root causes rather than just treating symptoms.
✓Genetic predisposition and hereditary factors.
✓Environmental triggers and exposures.
✓Infectious agents and pathogen-related diseases.
✓Lifestyle and behavioral influences on health.
✓Epigenetic modifications and disease susceptibility.
Open Access Policy refers to a set of principles and guidelines aimed at providing unrestricted access to scholarly research and literature. It promotes the free availability and unrestricted use of research outputs, enabling researchers, students, and the general public to access, read, download, and distribute scholarly articles without financial or legal barriers. In this response, I will provide you with an overview of the history and latest resolutions related to Open Access Policy.
byMuhammad Salman Hameed, Khurshied Ahmed Khan, Nida Urooj and Ijaz Rasool Noorka
Maize stem borer (Chilo Partellus), poses a substantial threat to maize crops all over the world, causing damage that ranges from 26.7% to 80.4%. Its destructive impact includes killing the shoot in young plants, leading to a “dead heart,” and damaging the upper stem in older plants through boring activity. To combat this issue, a field experiment evaluated various insect growth regulators (IGRs) such as Lufenuron®, Pyriproxyfen®, Sitara®, Viper®, Track®, and Priority®. These IGRs, known as reduced-risk pesti...cides, target pest juveniles and are less harmful to beneficial insects. Conducted through a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 24 treatments, excluding a control group, the study recorded maize stem borer populations at 3, 7, and 14 days post-IGR application. In conclusion, the study identifies pyriproxyfen® and Priority® at double the standard concentrations as highly effective insect growth regulators in mitigating maize stem borer infestations, offering promising avenues for enhanced pest control strategies in maize cultivation.
