Help ?

IGMIN: あなたがここにいてくれて嬉しいです. お願いクリック '新しいクエリを作成してください' 当ウェブサイトへの初めてのご訪問で、さらに情報が必要な場合は.

すでに私たちのネットワークのメンバーで、すでに提出した質問に関する進展を追跡する必要がある場合は, クリック '私のクエリに連れて行ってください.'

Subjects Content

Welcome to IgMin Research – an Open Access journal uniting Biology Group, Medicine Group, and Engineering Group. We’re dedicated to advancing global knowledge and fostering collaboration across scientific fields.

Biology Group

The Biology Group explores diverse topics in life sciences, providing open access to cutting-edge research and fostering global collaboration in biological studies.

Medicine Group

The Medicine Group focuses on advancing medical knowledge through open access research, promoting innovation, and encouraging global collaboration in healthcare studies.

Engineering Group

The Engineering Group showcases cutting-edge research across engineering fields, providing open access and encouraging global collaboration and innovation.

General Science Group

The General Science Group covers a broad range of scientific disciplines, offering open access to research that drives innovation and fosters global collaboration.

Members Content

We seek to support partnerships that amplify research output and expedite advancements.

Articles Content

We seek to support partnerships that amplify research output and expedite advancements.

Identify Us

We seek to support partnerships that amplify research output and expedite advancements.

IgMin Corporation

Welcome to IgMin, a leading platform dedicated to enhancing knowledge dissemination and professional growth across multiple fields of science, technology, and the humanities. We believe in the power of open access, collaboration, and innovation. Our goal is to provide individuals and organizations with the tools they need to succeed in the global knowledge economy.

Publications Support
publications.support@igmin.org
E-Books Support
ebooks.support@igmin.org
Webinars & Conferences Support
webinarsandconference@igmin.org
Content Writing Support
contentwriting.support@igmin.org

Search

Explore Section

Content for the explore section slider goes here.

Abstract

要約 at IgMin Research

We seek to support partnerships that amplify research output and expedite advancements.

Biology Group Research Article 記事ID: igmin242

Lunar-Derived Propellants for Fueling Mars-Bound Spacecraft in Cis-Lunar Space

Environmental Sciences Affiliation

Affiliation

    1445 Indiana Ave., South Pasadena, CA 91030, USA

要約

The conventional method to send payloads to Mars is by direct trans-Mars injection (TMI) from LEO. NASA is considering an alternative of fueling large Mars-bound cargo transfer vehicles in cis-lunar space with propellants derived from the Moon by in situ propellant production (ISPP) prior to trans-Mars injection from cis-lunar space. 
A large team of investigators developed an Evolvable Lunar Campaign (ELC) that defined its strategic objective as follows:
"The ELC strategic objective is commercial mining of propellant from lunar poles where it will be transported to lunar orbit to be used by NASA to send humans to Mars."
Unfortunately, sending Mars-bound vehicles to cis-lunar space prior to trans-Mars injection saves little mass in LEO, unnecessarily includes lunar ISPP, which is costly, complex, and risky, and at the bottom line, has no benefits. 
The problem is that the amount of propellant needed to go from LEO to cis-lunar space is roughly comparable to the amount of propellant used for direct TMI from LEO, so the lunar-derived propellants only offset a small amount of propellant used to augment Mars Orbit Insertion and Entry, Descent, and Landing, and the amount of propellant required in LEO is almost the same in both cases. The initial mass in low Earth orbit (IMLEO) is not reduced much by utilizing lunar ISPP.
At the bottom line, sending Mars-bound MCTV to cis-lunar space adds complexity, cost, and risk and provides essentially no benefits.

数字

参考文献

    1. Rapp D. Human Missions to Mars. 3rd ed. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Praxis Books; 2023.
    2. Jones CA. Cost Breakeven Analysis of Cis-lunar ISRU for Propellant [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Sep 2]. Available from: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20205007564/downloads/ISRU-Paper3-Final.pdf
    3. Miller C. Economic Assessment and Systems Analysis of an Evolvable Lunar Architecture that Leverages Commercial Space Capabilities and Public-Private-Partnerships [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2024 Sep 2]. Available from: http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2016/ph240/williamsr2/docs/EvolvableLunarArchitecture.pdf
    4. Rapp D. Human Missions to Mars. 3rd ed. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Praxis Books; 2023. p. [section 4.4.2, Table 4.5].
    5. Rapp D. Human Missions to Mars. 3rd ed. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Praxis Books; 2023. p. [Table 4.6].
    6. Atomic Rockets. Mission Delta-v and Flight Times [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 2]. Available from: https://www.projectrho.com/public_html/rocket/appmissiontable.php
    7. Drake BG. Human Exploration of Mars Design Reference Architecture 5.0. NASA Report SP-2009-566; 2009.
    8. Rapp D. Human Missions to Mars. 3rd ed. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Praxis Books; 2023. p. [section 5.7.3.3].
    9. Rapp D. Human Missions to Mars. 3rd ed. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Praxis Books; 2023. p. [section 4.10].
    10. Rapp D. Near-Term NASA Mars and Lunar In Situ Propellant Production: Complexity versus Simplicity. Space: Science & Technology. 2024 Aug 2;2024. ID: space.0188. DOI: 10.34133/space.0188.
    11. White BC, Haggerty NP. Carbothermal reduction system overview and developments in support of the Artemis program and a commercial lunar economy. Paper presented at: 52nd International Conference on Environmental Systems; 2023 Jul 11-15; Calgary, Canada. Abstract 313:16-20.
    12. Linne DJ, Kleinhenz J, Sibille L. Oxygen production system for refueling human landing system elements. Paper presented at: 10th Joint Meeting of the Space Resources Roundtable/Planetary and Terrestrial Mining and Sciences Symposium; 2019 Jul 29 - Aug 2; Golden, CO. Colorado School of Mines.
    13. Kleinhenz JE, Paz A. Case studies for lunar ISRU systems utilizing polar water. ASCEND. 2020;16:19.
    14. Austin AB, Sherwood BB, Elliott J. Robotic lunar surface operations II. Paper presented at: 70th International Astronautical Congress; 2019 Oct 21-25; Washington, DC, USA. Abstract 201:921-925.
    15. Elliott J, Austin AA, Colaprete T. ISRU in support of an architecture for a self-sustained lunar base. Paper presented at: 70th International Astronautical Congress; 2019 Oct 21-25; Washington, DC, USA. Abstract 21:25.
    16. Pappa R, Rose G, Paddock D. Solar Power for Lunar Pole Mission. Paper presented at: Space Power Workshop; 2019 Mar 25-27; Torrance, CA, USA.
    17. Sowers GF. The Lunar Polar Prospecting Workshop. Paper presented at: Lunar Surface Science Workshop; 2018 May 29 - Jun 1; Colorado School of Mines. Abstract 2241.
    18. Conte D, Di Carlo M, Ho K. Earth-Mars Transfers Through Moon Distant Retrograde Orbits. 2018. 

ソーシャルアイコン

研究を公開する

私たちは、科学、技術、工学、医学に関する幅広い種類の記事を編集上の偏見なく公開しています。

提出する

見る 原稿のガイドライン 追加 論文処理料

IgMin 科目を探索する
グーグルスカラー
welcome Image

Google Scholarは2004年11月にベータ版が発表され、幅広い学術領域を航海する学術ナビゲーターとして機能します。それは査読付きジャーナル、書籍、会議論文、論文、博士論文、プレプリント、要約、技術報告書、裁判所の意見、特許をカバーしています。 IgMin の記事を検索