Potentially Toxic Metals in Cucumber Cucumis sativus Collected from Peninsular Malaysia: A Human Health Risk Assessment

Chee Kong Yap; Rosimah Nulit; Aziran Yaacob; Zaieka Shamsudin; Meng Chuan Ong; Wan Mohd Syazwan; Hideo Okamura; Yoshifumi Horie; Chee Seng Leow; Ahmad Dwi Setyawan; Krishnan Kumar; Wan Hee Cheng; Kennedy Aaron Aguol

doi:10.61927/igmin200

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Biology Group Research Article 記事ID: igmin200

Potentially Toxic Metals in Cucumber Cucumis sativus Collected from Peninsular Malaysia: A Human Health Risk Assessment

Plant Biology Toxicology

Chee Kong Yap ^* ¹ ,

Rosimah Nulit ,

Aziran Yaacob ,

Zaieka Shamsudin ,

Meng Chuan Ong ^2,3 ,

Wan Mohd Syazwan ,

Hideo Okamura ⁴ ,

Yoshifumi Horie ,

Chee Seng Leow ⁵ ,

Ahmad Dwi Setyawan ^6,7 ,

Krishnan Kumar ⁸ ,

Wan Hee Cheng and

Kennedy Aaron Aguol ⁹

Affiliation

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia | Ocean Pollution and Ecotoxicology (OPEC) Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Faculty of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 658-0022, Japan

Humanology Sdn Bhd, 73-3 Amber Business Plaza, Jalan Jelawat 1, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia | Biodiversity Research Group, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia

Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Centre for the Promotion of Knowledge and Language Learning, PPIB, Jalan UMS, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia

DOI10.61927/igmin200 全文HTML 全文PDF この記事を引用する

要約

The purposes of this study were to assess the concentrations of Fe, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the cucumber Cucumis sativus from four farming areas of Peninsular Malaysia, to assess the HHRA of the five heavy metals in the collected samples. The cucumber was collected between May and December 2016 from Kg Ara Kuda (Penang), Kg. Sitiawan (Perak), Kuala Ketil (Kedah) and Jerantut (Pahang) of Peninsular Malaysia. For the edible fruity cucumber, the ranges of metal concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) from the four sites were 9.56-13.6 for Cu, 39.5-109 for Fe, 0.18-2.19 for Ni, 0.74-2.78 for Pb and 17.5-62.0 for Zn. All the target hazard quotient values for Fe, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in adults and children were found below 1.00 for the health risk assessment. The present investigation found no evidence of non-carcinogenic hazards associated with the intake of cucumber in relation to Fe, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. However, it is important to regularly evaluate the levels of heavy metals in vegetables cultivated in these soils and adopt appropriate remediation procedures to reduce harmful effects on human health.

数字

参考文献

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[1] Jolly YN, Akter S, Kabir MJ, Mamun KM, Abedin MJ, Fahad SM, Rahman A. Heavy Metals Accumulation in Vegetables and Its Consequences on Human Health in the Areas Influenced by Industrial Activities. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024 Jul;202(7):3362-3376. doi: 10.1007/s12011-023-03923-6. Epub 2023 Oct 28. PMID: 37897594.

[2] Ji L, Ma K, Xie TN, Chen L, Li H, Jia B. Evaluation of Heavy Metal Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Risk of Soil of Vegetable Land for Hong Kong in Ningxia. Environ Sci. 2024; 45(6):3512-3522.

[3] Hassan J, Rajib MMR, Khan MN-E-A, Khandaker S, Zubayer M, Ashab KR, Kuba T, Marwani HM, Asiri AM, Hasan MM, Islam A, Rahman MM, Awual MR. Assessment of heavy metals accumulation by vegetables irrigated with different stages of textile wastewater for evaluation of food and health risk. J Environ Manage. 2024; 353:120206.

[4] Francis Gbedemah S, Attasse Gbeasor A, Selorm Hosu-Porbley G, Kusi Frimpong L, Amfo-Otu R, Kofi Adanu S, Doe EK. Analysis of heavy metals and pathogen levels in vegetables cultivated using selected water bodies in urban areas of the Greater Accra Metropolis of Ghana. Heliyon. 2024; 10(7):27924.

[5] Yap CK, Yaacob A, Tan WS, Al-Mutairi KA, Cheng WH, Wong KW, Edward FB, Ismail MS, You C, Chew W, Nulit R, Ibrahim MH, Amin B, Sharifinia M. Potentially Toxic Metals in the High-Biomass Non-Hyperaccumulating Plant Amaranthus viridis: Human Health Risks and Phytoremediation Potentials. Biology. 2022; 11(3):389. doi: 10.3390/biology11030389.

[6] Singh R, Singh PK, Madheshiya P, Khare AK, Tiwari S. Heavy metal contamination in the wastewater irrigated soil and bioaccumulation in cultivated vegetables: Assessment of human health risk. J Food Comp Anal. 2024; 128:106054.

[7] Ismael DS, Goran SMA. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in some vegetables-Erbil City-Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Apr 3;196(5):417. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-12542-0. PMID: 38570421.

[8] Chinnannan K, Somagattu P, Yammanuru HK, Reddy U, Nimmakayala P. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil and vegetables from major agricultural sites of Ohio and West Virginia. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol. 2024; 57:103108.

[9] Ugulu I, Khan ZI, Bibi S, Ahmad K, Munir M, Memona H. Evaluation of the Effects of Wastewater Irrigation on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Vegetables and Human Health in the Cauliflower Example : Heavy Metal Accumulation in Cauliflower. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2024 Feb 28;112(3):44. doi: 10.1007/s00128-024-03858-1. PMID: 38416161.

[10] K?z?lo?lu FM, Turan M, ?ahin Ü, Ku?lu Y, Dursun A. Effects of untreated and treated wastewater irrigation on some chemical properties of cauliflower (Brassica olerecea L. var. botrytis) and red cabbage (Brassica olerecea L. var. rubra) grown on calcareous soil in Turkey. Agric Wat Manage. 2008; 95(6):716-724. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.01.008

[11] Hamilton AJ, Mebalds MI, Aldaoud R, Heath M. Physical, Chemical and Microbial Characteristics of Wastewater from Carrot Washing in Australia. J Veget Sci. 2006; 11(3):57-72. doi: 10.1300/j484v11n03_06

[12] Eissa MA, Negim O. Heavy metals uptake and translocation by lettuce and spinach grown on a metal-contaminated soil. doi: 10.4067/s0718-95162018005003101.

[13] Sharma A, Katnoria JK, Nagpal AK. Heavy metals in vegetables: screening health risks involved in cultivation along wastewater drain and irrigating with wastewater. Springerplus. 2016 Apr 19;5:488. doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-2129-1. PMID: 27218003; PMCID: PMC4837749.

[14] Malchi T, Maor Y, Tadmor G, Shenker M, Chefetz B. Irrigation of root vegetables with treated wastewater: evaluating uptake of pharmaceuticals and the associated human health risks. Environ Sci Technol. 2014 Aug 19;48(16):9325-33. doi: 10.1021/es5017894. Epub 2014 Jul 24. PMID: 25026038.

[15] Manasfi R, Brienza M, Ait-Mouheb N, Montemurro N, Perez S, Chiron S. Impact of long-term irrigation with municipal reclaimed wastewater on the uptake and degradation of organic contaminants in lettuce and leek. Sci Total Environ. 2021 Apr 15;765:142742. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142742. Epub 2020 Oct 3. PMID: 33097266.

[16] Khan S, Cao Q, Zheng YM, Huang YZ, Zhu YG. Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China. Environ Pollut. 2008 Apr;152(3):686-92. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.056. Epub 2007 Aug 27. PMID: 17720286.

[17] Eid EM, Alrumman SA, El-Bebany AF, Hesham AE, Taher MA, Fawy KF. The effects of different sewage sludge amendment rates on the heavy metal bioaccumulation, growth and biomass of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Jul;24(19):16371-16382. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9289-6. Epub 2017 May 26. PMID: 28550630.

[18] Wang Y, Qiao M, Liu Y, Zhu Y. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and vegetables from wastewater irrigated area, Beijing-Tianjin city cluster, China. J Environ Sci (China). 2012;24(4):690-8. doi: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)60833-4. PMID: 22894104.

[19] Alcantara E, Romera FJ, Canete M, De la Guardia MD. Effects of heavy metals on both induction and function of root Fe(III) reductase in Fe-deficient cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants. J Exp Bot. 1994; 45(281):1893-1898.

[20] Romera FJ, Alcántara E, De la Guardia MD. Influence of bicarbonate and metal ions on the development of root Fe(III) reducing capacity by Fe-deficient cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants. Physiologia Plantarum. 1997;101(1):143-148.

[21] Munzuroglu O, Geckil H. Effects of metals on seed germination, root elongation, and coleoptile and hypocotyl growth in Triticum aestivum and Cucumis sativus. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2002 Aug;43(2):203-13. doi: 10.1007/s00244-002-1116-4. PMID: 12115046.

[22] Tabaldi LA, Ruppenthal R, Cargnelutti D, Morsch VM, Pereira LB, Schetinger MRC. Effects of metal elements on acid phosphatase activity in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings. Environ Exp Bot. 2007; 59(1):43-48.

[23] Janicka-Russak M, Kaba?a K, Burzy?ski M, K?obus G. Response of plasma membrane H+-ATPase to heavy metal stress in Cucumis sativus roots. J Exp Bot. 2008;59(13):3721-8. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ern219. Epub 2008 Sep 26. PMID: 18820260; PMCID: PMC2561156.

[24] Prakash O, Talat M, Hasan SH, Pandey RK. Enzymatic detection of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution from vegetable wastes by immobilizing pumpkin (Cucumis melo) urease in calcium alginate beads. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng. 2008; 13(2):210-216.

[25] Minich AS, Minich IB, Chursina NL, Ivanitckiy AE, Butsenko ES, Rozhdestvenskiy EA. Morphogenesis and productivity of Cucumis sativus L. hybrids under the thermic polyethylene films modified by coating of metals by magnetron sputtering. Horticult Sci. 2016; 43(2):59-66.

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Potentially Toxic Metals in Cucumber Cucumis sativus Collected from Peninsular Malaysia: A Human Health Risk Assessment

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